Combined effect of ultrasound,heat, and pressure on Escherichia coli O157:H7, polyphenol oxidase activity,and anthocyanins in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) juice

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatments—heat treatment (HT), sonication (SC), thermosonication (TS), manosonication (MS), manothermal (MT), and manothermosonication (MTS) on Escherichia coli O157:H7, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and anthocyanin content in blueberry juice. First, samples were treated at different temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C) and power intensities (280, 420, 560, and 700 W) for 10 min. Subsequently, samples were treated using combinations of power intensity and mild temperature for 10 min. For further study, samples were treated using HT (80 °C), TS (40 °C, 560 W), MT (350 MPa, 40 °C), MS (560 W, 5 min/350 MPa), or MTS (560 W, 5 min, 40 °C/350 MPa, 40 °C) for 5, 10, 15, 20 min for each treatment, and the results compared between treatments. HT significantly reduced PPO activation (2.05% residual activity after only 5 min), and resulted in a 2.00-log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 and an 85.25% retention of anthocyanin. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was slightly inactivated by TS after 5 min (0.17-log reduction), while residual PPO activity was 23.36% and anthocyanin retention was 98.48%. However, Escherichia coli O157:H7 was rapidly inactivated by MTS (5.85-log reduction) after 5 min, while anthocyanin retention was 97.49% and residual PPO activity dropped to 10.91%. The destruction of E. coli cells as a result of these treatments were confirmed using SEM and TEM. Therefore, a combination of sonication, high pressure, and mild heat allows the safety of blueberry juice to be maintained without compromising the retention of desirable antioxidant compounds.     

近红外光谱分析技术识别奶粉中淀粉掺假的研究

将蒙牛、伊利、完达山三个品牌的奶粉样品掺入不同量的淀粉构成32份实验样品。在跨度近两个月时间内,用JDSU微型近红外光谱仪,分五天重复5次采集这些样品的中波近红外漫反射光谱。采用仿生模式识别（BPR）算法对样品进行掺假识别定性分析,并研究了分析的可靠性与模型的稳健性。以90%作为评价分析结果（样品掺杂的正确识别率 CAR与正确拒识率 CRR）的阈值：将测试结果高于此阈值的所有样品中掺入淀粉的最低含量分别称为样品掺杂的正确识别限与正确拒识限。结果显示：三个品牌奶粉样品分别各自建模时,若用同一天测定的部分光谱数据建立模型,预测该天剩余光谱,样品掺杂的正确识别限与正确拒识限都可以达到0.1%。对于三种品牌奶粉合并后的纯奶粉及其淀粉掺杂样品混合建模时,若用同一天测定的光谱建模与测试,样品掺杂的正确识别限也可以达到0.1%,正确拒识限则为1%;若用不同时间采集的光谱进行交叉测试,正确识别限与正确拒识限都只有5%;若用四天的光谱数据联合建模,测试第五天的数据,正确识别限可以稳定达到1%,正确拒识限可以达到5%。应用两种算法对奶粉中淀粉含量进行定量分析比较,进一步验证了有关定性分析对样品掺杂正确识别限和正确拒识限的可靠性。     

水稻分蘖期无人机高光谱影像混合像元特征分析与分解

开展水稻无人机高光谱解混,获取水稻植株的高光谱反射率信息,对于提高水稻理化参量的反演模型精度具有重要意义。目前大多基于高光谱遥感影像自身数据进行解混,运用算法模型进行高光谱数据解混,将高光谱图像和可见光图像进行优势互补,提出一种基于无人机高清影像与高光谱遥感影像融合的稻田无人机高光谱解混方法,解决单一数据局限性问题,增强光谱数据对地物的描述能力。为了更好的计算端元丰度,将同一目标区的高清数码正射影像与无人机高光谱遥感影像利用经纬度信息进行空间配准,使得不同传感器获得的图片在几何位置上对齐,通过SVM分类器的监督分类方法对可见光的数码正射影像进行地物分类,利用地物分类的结果对应高光谱的一个像元,从而得到一个像元内的端元丰度。设相邻区域内的水体端元是相同的,利用线性解混模型（LSMM）对相邻区域的混合像元进行解混,最终获取水稻高光谱反射率信息。结果表明对两种图片进行空间配准丰富了数据源信息,有利于像元的端元丰度计算,其中水稻端元丰度在70%以上解混效果最好,丰度在50%以上解混效果一般,丰度在30%以下解混效果较差;选择监督分类方法进行地物分类,精度达到99.5%,面向对象方法分类精度为98.2%,监督分类方法优于面向对象分类方法;最终得到的混合像元分解反射率高于原混合像元反射率,减少了水体混合部分对光谱数据的影响,使得分解后水稻的光谱反射率更加准确,为水稻理化参量无人机成像高光谱遥感反演提供更加准确的科学依据。     

Composition and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa extracted using an ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method

A time-saving, efficient, and environmentally friendly ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (UMAE-NADES) extraction method was developed for the extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa. Eight different natural eutectic solvents were screened initially, and choline chloride-glycerol was selected as the extraction solvent. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology, and the extraction rate of anthocyanins was higher than those achieved using the traditional ethanol method, natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method, and ultrasonic-microwave-assisted ethanol method. Six anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-xyloside, cyanidin-3,5-O-dihexoside, and the dimer of cyanidin-hexoside were identified and extracted at a purity of 448.873 mg/g using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The compounds extracted using UMAE-NADES had higher antioxidant capacities than those extracted by the other three methods. The UMAE-NADES demonstrated significant efficiency toward the extraction of bioactive substances and has potential utility in the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Robust continuation methods for tracing solution curves of parameterized systems

The continuation methods are efficient methods to trace solution curves of nonlinear systems with parameters, which are common in many fields of science and engineering. Existing continuation methods are unstable for some complicated cases in practice, such as the case that solution curves are close to each other or the case that the curve turns acutely at some points. In this paper, a more robust corrector strategy—sphere corrector is presented. Using this new strategy, combining various predictor strategies and various iterative methods with local quadratic or superlinear convergence rates, robust continuation procedures for tracing curves are given. When the predictor steplength is no more than the so-called granularity of solution curves, our procedure of tracing solution curve can avoid “curve-jumping” and trace the whole solution curve successfully. Numerical experiments illustrate our method is more robust and efficient than the existing continuation methods.     

DAN荧光法等3种测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒含量的方法比较

通过DAN荧光法,3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒的含量,对测得结果进行统计分析,并对其检出限、回收率进行比较研究.研究结果表明,DAN荧光法、3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法中,硒含量相对标准偏差分别是2.5%,9.2%和6.1%;线性回归系数都大于0....